Numerous byproducts are generated during the aluminium smelting process. These include gases as well as mineral impurities that arise in the preparation of ore and the smelting itself. Pollution controls are an important concern for many companies that want to avoid damaging the environment and incurring heavy fines. Air filtration may be used to limit the release of toxins into the environment and waste products are processed carefully so they can be properly disposed of. Some byproducts can be used in the production of other goods, an appealing option when it is available.

Some confusion can arise between smelting and melting, because the two terms look similar. In smelting, a key chemical change occurs to the materials being processed; in this case, aluminium separates from the raw ore. It is a process used for extraction to remove useful metals from ore, rather than to process metals already in pure or alloy form, as is the case with melting. Once smelting is complete and metal is purified, melting can be included in future processing to make various components or prepare the metal for shipment.

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